On July 28, 2026, WLF asked the Ninth Circuit to reverse a district court’s class-certification order. WLF’s amicus brief contends that the order violates principles of horizontal federalism and due process by improperly applying California’s Cartwright Act to out-of-state transactions and harms. The state-by-state variations in 27 separate antitrust laws pose insuperable obstacles rendering class litigation both unmanageable and unconstitutional.