On October 10, 2025, WLF urged the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit to affirm dismissal of a civil-RICO claim in a class action against a leading automotive manufacturer under the direct-purchaser rule announced in Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois. WLF contends that allowing indirect purchasers to sue under RICO would create risks of multiple liability and overdeterrence, contrary to the statute’s history and unanimous courts of appeals’ precedents. WLF’s brief was prepared with the generous pro bono assistance of Ryan Sandrock, co-chair of Shook, Hardy & Bacon’s antitrust practice group.
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