On October 2, 2013, WLF filed a brief in the U.S. Supreme Court, urging it to review (and ultimately overturn) a Federal Circuit decision that affirmed a jury verdict upholding the validity of a patent on a method of conducting business. WLF charged that the Federal Circuit acted in accordance with longstanding rules that have the effect of making juries the final arbiters of patent validity – even though it is well established that the validity of a patent is a question of law that is to be decided by judges, not juries. WLF argued that the Federal Circuit’s rules have facilitated the efforts of patent trolls to demand tribute from broad swaths of the American business community based on patents of questionable validity. WLF argued that the decision defies the Supreme Court’s recent i4i Ltd. decision, which cautioned trial courts to ensure that the “clear and convincing” standard (applicable to patent invalidity determinations) is applied only to issues of fact, not issues of law.